Most clients are aware of the importance of oral hygiene for themselves and this awareness can be of importance for their animals.

More than eight of every ten dogs and cats over four years of age suffer from periodontal disease, a condition in which bacteria attack the soft gum tissue. Abnormal odor from the oral cavity is not normal.

Halitosis may mean bacteria are multiplying on the tooth surface. The bacteria form and produce plaque and toxins which irritate the gums. In time the plaque hardens and mineralizes and hardens, becoming what is called calculus or tartar, the gums become tender, red and swollen.

Eventually the inflamed gums pull away from the teeth, creating pockets that trap food particles and provide for excellent locations for more bacteria to grow. As these pockets deepen, the development of plaque and tartar can progress along the root of the tooth, causing the tooth to loosen. Once the gums have reached this state of deterioration, they bleed easily when the pet eats or chews. Bacteria from the plaque and tartar accumulation enter the animals bloodstream.

This is where the danger lies. Once bacteria enter the bloodstream, it can travel to major organs and begin infection there.

The organs with high blood flow are susceptible to such infections; the lungs, heart, kidney, liver and, in some cases, the nervous systems.

Since infected, inflamed gums allow bacteria to enter the bloodstream, veterinarians often prescribe an antibiotic preceeding the dental procedure. The antibiotics treat the dental infection that may be present and offer protection against bacteria in the bloodstream.

Oral health is a function of professional therapy and continued home care.

Owners compliance is critical to determining the type of periodontal therapy applied as well as the home care recommendations. Owner compliance is a function of both owner commitment and capability. Regular, 6 month to 1 year dental exams are very important to maintain dental hygiene for animals especially four years of age and older.

Presented by Dr. Steven J. Fox, Fox & Friends Animal Hospital, 813-633-2443.